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Income Tax Calculator
Estimate your federal income tax and effective rate for the current tax year.
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How to Use This Calculator
- Gross income — your total income before any taxes or deductions (salary, wages, self-employment, interest, etc.).
- Filing status — changes the tax brackets and standard deduction amount.
- Standard deduction — the default choice subtracts the IRS standard deduction; choose "No deduction" to skip it.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a marginal tax rate?
It is the tax rate on the last dollar you earn. Your income is taxed in slices, so you do not pay one flat rate on everything.
What is the difference between marginal and effective rate?
Your marginal rate is the rate on your next dollar of income. Your effective rate is total tax divided by total income — the average rate you actually pay.
Does this include state and payroll taxes?
No. This is federal income tax only. Social Security, Medicare and state income taxes are additional.
What is the standard deduction for 2025?
For 2025 it is $15,000 for single and head of household, and $30,000 for married filing jointly.
Practical Example
A single filer earning $65,000 in 2025 with the standard deduction ($15,000) has a taxable income of $50,000. That falls in the 22% bracket, but the tax is calculated in slices:
- First $11,925 at 10% = $1,192.50
- Next $36,475 at 12% = $4,377
- Remaining $1,600 at 22% = $352
- Total tax ≈ $5,921 → effective rate ≈ 9.1%
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